@article { author = {Masinaei Nejad, Mohammad Esmaeil and Khanjani, Narges and Khodadadi, Maryam and Najafi, Esmail}, title = {Factors Related to Genetic Disorders and Congenital Anomalies in Nogab Village of South Khorasan Province}, journal = {Health and Development Journal}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-2821}, eissn = {2783-2821}, doi = {10.22062/jhad.2021.91580}, abstract = {Background:Congenital malformations are defects that are present at birth. The purpose of the present study was to determine the status of congenital malformations and their risk factors in Noghab village, South Khorasan Province.Methods:In this case-control study, 152 cases with congenital anomalies and 152 controls were enrolled. A researcher-made checklist and face-to-face interviews were used to record patient data. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression in SPSS 22 were used for statistical analysis.Results:One hundred and nineteen (72.5%) patients were male. The overall prevalence of congenital abnormalities in the village was 4.5%. The most prevalent types of disorders were neurological (35.4%) and multiple abnormalities (30.5%). According to multivariate logistic regression, consuming barberries daily during pregnancy, having first-degree relatives with anomalies, daily use of herbal medicine and weekly consumption of pickled vegetables during pregnancy, and the existence of a chronic disease in the father were significantly associated with congenital disorders in the offspring.Conclusion:In addition to the previously known risk factors for congenital malformation, consumption of barberries, herbal medicine and pickled vegetables during pregnancy, might be risk factors for congenital anomalies. These products should be used with caution in pregnant women.}, keywords = {Genetic disorders,Congenital anomalies,Barberry,Prevalence,Iran}, url = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91580.html}, eprint = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91580_7902421ca127cf8477bf7088a72b27fe.pdf} } @article { author = {Firoozfar, Faranak and Taherpour, Masoomeh and Arzamani, Kourosh and Hashemi, Sayed Ahmad and Mohammad Doust, Ensieh and Shoraka, Hamid Reza and Kouhestani, Fatemeh}, title = {An Epidemiological Survey of Scorpion Sting in Five Counties of North Khorasan Province, Iran, From 2007 to 2018}, journal = {Health and Development Journal}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {10-16}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-2821}, eissn = {2783-2821}, doi = {10.22062/jhad.2021.91581}, abstract = {Background:Scorpion sting (SS) is an important public health hazard that may cause a potentially lethal condition especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Although scorpions are locally abundant in some parts of North Khorasan Province, SS has been poorly studied in this region. The current survey was carried out to investigate the epidemiological aspects of SS in North Khorasan Province, Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study collected and analyzed the data of SS cases admitted to medical centers of different counties in North Khorasan Province including Bojnurd, Shirvan, Esfarayen, Jajarm, and Raz from 2007 to 2018. The descriptive statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS software (version 24), and logistic regression analyses were performed using the STATA software.Results:During the study period, 540 SS cases were admitted to hospitals, of whom 44 persons were hospitalized, and nearly half of them were male (50.2%). Most SS cases occurred indoors (58.4%). The mean age of the patients was 35±18.0 years. Furthermore, the annual number of SS cases varied with an increase in 2013. The most common site of the sting was in the hands (41.8%) followed by feet (40.5%). The most common time for SS occurrence was 12 a.m. to 6 a.m. (38%). The majority of victims admitted to the hospital less than 3 hours after the sting (84.6%) and all of them were recovered. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that the risk of hospitalization in people who had more than one bite was significantly higher than those who had been bitten once.Conclusion:Given the low average number of SS cases reported in the area compared to the south of Iran, SS does not seem to be an important health issue in this area except for Jajarm County.}, keywords = {Scorpion sting,Epidemiology,Iran,North Khorasan}, url = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91581.html}, eprint = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91581_2db40785d3ce391a55b1699b8ad7b49a.pdf} } @article { author = {Roozdar, Akram and Badfar, Gholamreza}, title = {The Impact of Health Expenditure Shocks and Real Exchange Rates on the Value-added of the Iranian Health Sector}, journal = {Health and Development Journal}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {17-29}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-2821}, eissn = {2783-2821}, doi = {10.22062/jhad.2021.91582}, abstract = {Background:The health sector directly contributes to economic growth and paves the way for the development of other economic sectors. This study investigates the short-term and long-term effects of health expenditure shocks and real exchange rate fluctuations, as well as the symmetry and asymmetry of these shocks on the logarithm of value-added of the health sector in the Iranian economy.Methods:The data related to the research variables were extracted from the website of the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) and the website of the World Bank. Using Eviews software (version 9) and applying the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter, health expenditure and real exchange rates were assessed as predictable and unpredictable shocks. Then, unpredictable shocks were decomposed into positive and negative components. In the next step, shocks were specified on the logarithm of value-added in the health sector along with control variables for the time period of 1973 to 2014.Results:Estimation of asymmetric health expenditure model and real exchange rate for the logarithm of value added of the health sector indicated different effects of health expenditure shocks in the short run and the symmetry of these shocks in the long run. But the effect of real exchange rate shocks on the logarithm of value added in the health sector in the short run and the persistence of these shocks in the long run were asymmetric and significant.Conclusion:The effectiveness of health expenditure shocks on value added of the health sector in the short run is the basis for the growth of the country's macroeconomy and the effectiveness of real exchange rate shocks on the Iranian health sector, both in the short and long run, marks this variable as an important factor in the economic policies of the health sector.}, keywords = {Health expenditure,Real exchange Rates,Health sector Value-Added,Econometric models}, url = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91582.html}, eprint = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91582_7ddd777cc0892503dcebd09933fc2689.pdf} } @article { author = {Masoumi, Ali and Ebrahimi Meimand, Hossein Ali and Arjomandi, Farangis}, title = {Outpatients’ Satisfaction with Medical Services Offered by Specialist Physicians in Kerman in 2019}, journal = {Health and Development Journal}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {30-38}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-2821}, eissn = {2783-2821}, doi = {10.22062/jhad.2021.91583}, abstract = {Background:The present study evaluated outpatients’ satisfaction with the quality of medical services delivered by specialized physicians in Kerman.Methods:In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, a questionnaire validated in previous studies was administered to the patients to assess their satisfaction using a score ranging from 0 (lowest) to 20 (highest). The patients (n = 140) were selected using simple random sampling from among the patients at medical offices of specialized physicians in Kerman. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 18) through independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA.Results:The patients’ mean score for the overall satisfaction with the quality of medical services was 12.31±0.40 out of 20. The most influential factors that decreased the patients’ satisfaction were the patient’s waste of time in the office (8.62 ± 0.49), the behaviour of the secretaries with the patients (11.18±0.51), and the treatment costs (9.95±0.49). The male patients were less satisfied with the wait time for appointments than the female patients (p = 0.013). The mean score for overall satisfaction among local people was higher than among non-local people (p = 0.049). Besides, the patients with higher education were more satisfied than the patients with less education (p <0.05).Conclusion:The results indicated that patients’ dissatisfaction with the quality of medical services, especially time management, secretaries’ behaviour with patients, and the costs of treatment by specialist physicians in Kerman are management problems that need to be solved to improve the quality of medical services.}, keywords = {Satisfaction,Outpatients,Specialist}, url = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91583.html}, eprint = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91583_cf5d15ad36d1a0074da5fa04449dd6f1.pdf} } @article { author = {Jabbari, Saeideh and Basharpour, Sajad and Narimani, Mohammad}, title = {The Effect of Self-Acceptance Group Therapy on Students with Social Anxiety}, journal = {Health and Development Journal}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {39-45}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-2821}, eissn = {2783-2821}, doi = {10.22062/jhad.2021.91584}, abstract = {Background:Social anxiety is one of the most common psychological disorders that restrict the abilities of the affected people and cause various problems for them in social and performance-related situations. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of self-acceptance group therapy (SAGT) on students suffering from social anxiety.Methods:This interventional study employed a pretest-posttest design with one control group and a one-month follow-up. The research population consisted of all students with social anxiety who were studying at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during the academic year 2018-2019. Thirty-six students were selected based on their scores on Conor’s Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and information from structured interviews and were randomly assigned to the intervention group and control group (each with 18 members). The participants in the intervention group attended ten self-acceptance training sessions, but the participants in the control group did not receive any intervention. In addition to the post-intervention assessment, the participants in both groups underwent a one-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent samples  t-test via SPSS software (version 22).Results:The results showed that self-acceptance group therapy (SAGT) reduced social anxiety in the intervention group at the posttest and follow-up stages. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in social anxiety reported by the members of the control group at different stages.Conclusion: The findings of this study confirmed the results of previous studies and has provided the preliminary basis for the use of this treatment. Future studies can further explore the effectiveness of this technique in coping with different issues.}, keywords = {Social anxiety,Self-Acceptance,Group therapy,Students}, url = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91584.html}, eprint = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91584_8a1d4261da4b6479219b72307f2a8a9c.pdf} } @article { author = {Rahbar Dehghan, Alirezar and Mehrabi Boshrabadi, Hossein and Jalaee Esfandabadi, Seyyed Abdolmajid and Zare Mehrjerdi, Mohammad Reza}, title = {The Spatial Analysis of the Effect of Off-Farm Income on the Food Security of Rural Households in Iran: Application of a Spatial Econometric Approach with Panel Data}, journal = {Health and Development Journal}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {46-55}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-2821}, eissn = {2783-2821}, doi = {10.22062/jhad.2021.91585}, abstract = {Background:Providing food security to rural households is one of the goals pursued in national development plans. Therefore, off-farm income provides more financial resources to rural households and thus increases their food security. Given the role of food security in human health and development, the present research aims to explore the spatial effects of off-farm income on the food security of rural households in all provinces of Iran.Methods:The status of food security of rural households in Iran was determined using data from 206963 Household Income and Expenditure Surveys and the recommended dietary for the Iranian population. Besides, the effectiveness of off-farm income on food security of rural families along with other effective factors was investigated the first time using the panel spatial autoregressive (SAR) model for the period from 2006 to 2016 with Stata software.Results:The results from the SAR model suggested that off-farm income has a positive and significant effect on the rural food security index. On the other hand, the significant value of the spatial lag coefficient of the dependent variable confirmed the existence of spatial effects, indicating that off-farm income has a positive and significant effect on food security.Conclusion:Given that agricultural activities are mainly seasonal, off-farm activities along with conventional agricultural activities can improve the food security of rural households and prevent their migration to cities.}, keywords = {Food security,Off-farm income,Spatial panel}, url = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91585.html}, eprint = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91585_9b24de39901daa8c67da04050138a022.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghelichkhani, Somayeh and Ghalandari, Leila and Chavoshi, Yeganeh and Momeni, Maryam and Moafi, Farnoosh}, title = {Evaluation of Women's Self-Esteem during Pregnancy and Factors Affecting It}, journal = {Health and Development Journal}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {56-63}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-2821}, eissn = {2783-2821}, doi = {10.22062/jhad.2021.91586}, abstract = {Background:Self-esteem is a key psychological factor that helps facing challenges such as pregnancy and childbirth and can affect maternal and neonatal outcomes. The present study aims to explore self-esteem and factors affecting it in pregnant women.Methods:This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 358 pregnant women referred to comprehensive health centers in Qazvin. The data were collected using a demographic-midwifery questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Besides, as the data were not normally distributed, Spearman, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the data.Results:The participants' self-esteem mean score was 25.58±5.97 (out of 30). The participants’ self-esteem score had a negative significant correlation with their partner’s age (p = 0.029), number of pregnancies (p = 0.004), and number of children (p = 0.015), and a positive significant correlation with the participants’ education (p = 0.019). Besides, the self-esteem score was related to planned pregnancy reported by the wife (p = 0.032) and the partner (p = 0.044), and the abortion of the current pregnancy (p = 0.040). Moreover, there was a higher level of self-esteem among the women who had no abortion.Conclusion:The present study showed that there are factors that can affect the self-esteem of pregnant women. Accordingly, women's self-esteem can be improved during pregnancy by providing counseling services by health care providers in clinics and identifying women who have low self-esteem risk factors.}, keywords = {Self-esteem,Pregnancy,Women}, url = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91586.html}, eprint = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91586_8b1374e78ad8f3ec79defdef8af0c708.pdf} } @article { author = {Darban Maghami, Nasser and Nabipour, Abolghasem and Mohsenzadeh, Mohammad and Torabi, Maryam}, title = {Detection of Minced Red Meat Mixing Adulteration via Molecular and Histological Techniques in Mashhad, Iran}, journal = {Health and Development Journal}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {64-73}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-2821}, eissn = {2783-2821}, doi = {10.22062/jhad.2021.91587}, abstract = {Background:Meat is an important source of protein and due to its high economic value, there is a possibility of using other animals’ tissues and cross-species adulteration to reduce its price. The meat industry has the highest potential for adulteration among food groups, since the raw materials are not identifiable after mixing, making the detection of food adulteration a necessity.Methods:In this study, 14 samples of minced red meat from 14 butcher shops in Mashhad were randomly selected, collected, and analyzed using histological and molecular techniques. For histological analysis, the samples were prepared according to the usual methods and the prepared sections were stained using conventional and tissue-specific staining. Molecular analysis was performed using the Real-time PCR technique. The data were analyzed using Rotor-Gene Q software 2.3.5.Results:The histological analysis confirmed the presence of gizzard and chicken skin in addition to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and adipose tissue in the minced red meat samples. Furthermore, the molecular analysis confirmed the use of chicken meat or chicken waste in a number of samples by confirming chicken DNA.Conclusion: Histological and molecular techniques confirmed the presence of chicken tissues in some minced red meat samples, which may have been used to reduce the price of minced red meat but is considered as food adulteration.}, keywords = {Red meat,White meat,Food adulteration,histology,Molecular method}, url = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91587.html}, eprint = {https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91587_93ad8b7d387532226f008ff736873b76.pdf} }