2024-03-29T15:17:22Z
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=12211
Health and Development Journal
2013
1
4
The Status of Health Education in Iranian Elementary School Books
Meimanat
Abedini Baltork
Mahin
Asadnia
Ramezan
Aghili
Background: Health is one of the blessings gifted to humans by God. Humans have to take care of their well-being, especially in the current era when machine life has become predominant. Therefore, having a healthy society requires the provision of health education. The aim of this study was to perform a content analysis of the elementary school books of Iran according to health education components. Methods: This study used Shannon entropy as a method of content analysis. Units of analysis were 3467 pages containing text, questions, practices, and figures. Three components of skin hygiene, exercise and physical activity, and nutrition and water were evaluated. The samples under study were seven titles including Farsi (reading), Farsi (writing), science, religious studies, religious studies (workbook), Quran, and social education in the academic year of 2009-10. Results: Exercise and physical education had received more attention. In contrast, the least attention was paid to nutrition and water. The components had not been considered equally and the books did not cover all components of health education. Conclusion: Our findings showed the necessity of increasing all components of health education in Iranian elementary school textbooks.
Health Education
content analysis
Elementary school books
2013
02
01
245
254
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91166_9e66425e37b4b30c161995c7d26e1787.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2013
1
4
Awareness of Police Exhibition Visitors about AIDS in Kerman, Iran, 2010
Fatemeh Balali Meybodi
Mehdi Hassani
Background: AIDS is one of the most important causes of mortality throughout the world, due to lack of an effective treatment and vaccine. Control of this disease is possible through improving public awareness and teaching prevention, especially to the youth. The aim of this study was to determine the public’s awareness level about AIDS in order to perform educational programs based on the real needs of the community. Method: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 individuals visiting the Police Exhibition in Kerman, Iran, in 2010, volunteered to participate and entered the study. Data gathering was done by a questionnaire consisting demographic features and awareness testing items with sufficient validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and Pearson’s coefficient correlation. Results: The mean awareness score was 38.7 ± 8.7 from 59. Awareness level was poor in 16.7%, moderate in 61.0% and good in 22.3%. Awareness score showed significant relationship with gender, job and educational level. Women, housekeepers and people with above diploma education had higher scores. There was no significant relationship between the awareness score and age or marital status. Conclusion: According to the results, the awareness level of AIDS transmission routes and prevention is average and not desirable in our community. Therefore, more focus on educational programs is needed to improve the health level of the society and to keep their knowledge at a desirable rate.
awareness
AIDS
Transmission routes
Prevention
2013
02
01
255
264
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91167_d378f2a99a06a740634683f233386202.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2013
1
4
The Efficiency of Typha Latifolica in Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland for Wastewater Treatment
Soheil Sobhan
Shirin Ayatollahi
Majid Ehteshami
Davood Hosein Shahi
Seyed Vahid Ghelmani
Akbar Salehi Vaziri
Parvaneh Talebi
Background: Natural methods of wastewater treatment, such as wetlands, are simple, cheap and acceptable for developing countries, especially small and remote cities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Typha Latifolica in subsurface flow constructed wetland for wastewater treatment. Methods: In this experimental research, the efficiency of Typha Latifolica in subsurface flow wetland for removing chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate-N (NO 3 -N), ammonia-N (NH 3 -N), orthophosphate (PO 4 -P), total coliform and fecal coliform was evaluated in Yazd, Iran. Two reactors (without the plant and with plant) were made, as pilot study, by subsurface flow constructed wetland with the dimensions of 2 × 1.5 × 0.6 m and with a retention time of 4 days. In two months, samples were taken from the incoming and outgoing flow of the reactors and were analyzed according to standard methods. Results: The efficiency of Typha Latifolica wetland for removing COD, BOD 5 , TSS, NO 3 -N , NH 3 -N, PO 4 -P, total coliform and fecal coliform was 72, 72, 85, 31, 25, 40, 94 and 59 percent, respectively, via 44, 34, 77, 15, 0.3, 1, 17 and 29 percent for the control weland, respectively; all the differences were statistically significant, except for NH 3 -N and fecal coliform. Conclusion: According to the result of this study, Typha Latifolica has a high efficiency in removing organic material and suspended solids; the treated wastewater by Typha Latifolica can achieve the environmental standards for agriculture and irrigation use.
Subsurface flow constructed wetland
Typha Latifolica
Wastewater treatment
2013
02
01
265
274
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91168_ec3f9845f5d27428462220a45cd7d458.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2013
1
4
The Situation of Health-Promoting Lifestyle among the Students Living in Dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Agh Babak Maheri
Mohammad-Nabi Bahrami
Roya Sadeghi
Background: Health-promoting lifestyle is a major determining factor of health. Living in dormitories during studentship, due to particular circumstances, could play a decisive role on students' health promoting lifestyle. The purpose of this research was to study the situation of health-promoting lifestyle among the students living in the dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, sample of 140 female and 110 male students residing in the dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random sampling method in 2012. All the included students completed a questionnaire with two parts, sociodemographic information and the standard Walker’s lifestyle questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman and Pearson correlations. Results: The mean score of health promoting lifestyle was 119 ± 20.3 from a maximum score of 208, indicating a moderate situation. There were significant associations between the health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) and employment, marital status, age, and average grade in final exams. No significant relations between the health-promoting lifestyle and gender or academic degree. Conclusion: This study showed that the score of health-promoting lifestyle is average among the students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. So, targeted interventions should be made to promote health-promoting lifestyle among these students.
health promotion
Lifestyle
Student
2013
02
01
275
286
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91169_703910a0281a122fb46beec5e304d27f.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2013
1
4
Treatment of Urban Runoff Using Manganese Oxide-Coated Sand in Presence of Magnetic Field
Maryam Foroughi
Mehdi Hajian-Nejad
Hamid Reza Pourzamani
Zahra Noori-Motlagh
Hassan Hashemi
Abstract Background : Increase of impervious surfaces in urban areas in addition to increasing volume and runoff peak, increases the variety of type and quantity of pollutants in urban storm water. Polluted runoff has many adverse impacts on human health and the environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of manganese oxide oxide- coated sand in presence of magnetic field to treat urban runoff. Methods: In this study , a plexyglass column filled with manganese manganese- coated sand and with two magnets in its proximity proximities was used to treat the runoff. and t T he flow was continuous and downwards. Before and after the runoff sample pass ed ing the column and after sufficient retaining time the samples were checked in regard to lead (Pb) , zinc (Zn) , turbidity, pH, nitrates , and phosphate. Scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) SEM and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) EDAX analysis were used to determine of the change s in the coated sand surface and the percentage of sand components , respectively. Results : SEM ( Scanning Electron electron M m icroscope ) and EDAX ( Energy Dispersive dispersive X - ray ) analyses confirmed that the sand had been coated with manganese oxide successfully. Results indicated that turbidity, Pb, Zn and phosphate removal efficiency by the coated sand in presence of magnetic field were 89.6, 65.9, 81.1 and 67 percent, respectively; and that the coated sand was not able to remove nitrates. Conclusion: Manganese oxide-coated sand filters , in presence of magnetic field , improve the quality of urban runoff significantly. This could be a promising treatment technology that can enhance the quality of urban runoff and industrial wastewaters which have with heavy metals. Key word s : Urban runoff, manganese Manganese oxide, sand Sand filter, magnetite Magnetite field
2013
02
01
287
297
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91170_457fddf677dde12282b1a44277762a81.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2013
1
4
Awareness, Attitude and Performance of Nurses in Affiliated Hospitals of Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Iran, about Principles of Universal Precautions
Mohammad Reza Amiresmaili
Atefeh Esfandiari
Parveneh Isfahani
Background: Indentifying influential factors on the wellbeing of health personnel plays a significant role in the promotion of effectiveness and outcomes of health systems. This study aimed to determine the awareness, attitude and performance of nurses regarding principles of universal precautions. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data were obtained through a questionnaire. The study sample was all of the nurses at Zabol, Iran, hospitals in 2010. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was approved in a pilot study. Knowledge, attitude and performance scores were categorized as weak, average and good. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Student’s t, chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The mean awareness score of 39.1% of the nurses was average, and of the rest (60.9%) was good. The attitude score of 10.4% of nurses was average and 89.6% had a good attitude toward comprehensive precautionary principles. The performance score was weak in 13.9%, average in 68.7%, and satisfactory in only 17.4% of the nurses. There was no significant relationship between age, gender and work experiences with awareness, attitude and performance of nurses; but, there was a significant relationship (P < 0.05) between performance and the serving hospitals. Conclusions: Despite good awareness and attitude of nurses regarding comprehensive precautionary principles, their performance was weak. So, official’s attention should become more in performing training classes and continuous educational courses.
awareness
Attitude
performance
Nurses
Comprehensive precautionary principles
2013
02
01
298
305
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91171_9f177ac03d7e25ce78b3855d835675b9.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2013
1
4
Effect of Education on Knowledge, Attitude and Nutritional Behavior of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Najmatolmolook Amini
Fatameh Bayat
Mohboobeh Rahimi
Gona Bekri
Giti Taheri
Davoud Shojaeezadeh
Background: Nutrition and medical care prevents the incidence and increase of complications in patients with diabetes. There are controversial believes about the effect of education on the knowledge, attitude and practice of patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of education on knowledge, attitude and nutritional behavior of these patients. Methods: In an interventional study, 80 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected from the Tehran Abouzar Clinic (Iran) and allocated randomly in two intervention and control groups. Data collection was conducted before and 3 months after the intervention using a questionnaire including two sections, demographic information and questions assessing the knowledge, attitude, and nutritional behavior. The intervention was nutritional care education during two group discussion-based sections in 30 minute and by a two weeks interval. Results: After the educational program, knowledge about nutrition increased significantly in both case and control groups, which was probably due to the routine education program in that center. But significant increase in attitude and behavior was only observed in the intervention group. Conclusion: Appropriate educational programs should be performed in type 2 diabetes clinics to promote attitude and behavior as well as knowledge of the patients.
Diabetes
Educational program
nutrition
Knowledge
Attitude
Behavior
2013
02
01
306
314
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91172_26239f29a083e013f4842d28f6a76a59.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2013
1
4
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasite Infestation in the Food Suppliers of Kerman City, Iran, in 2010
Sirous Salary
Hossein
Safizadeh
Background: Infestations due to intestinal parasites are important food borne diseases and are a public health problem in developing countries. Some jobs take a significant role in the transmission and spread of these diseases in the society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasite infection in food suppliers of Kerman, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used the existing data of the food suppliers referred to the reference laboratory in Kerman city health center, Iran. These data included demographic data and stool exam results. The chi-square test was used for data analysis. Results: From the total of 7748 who were studied, 1.2 percent (95%CI: 1.198-1.202) of food stuff suppliers were parasite carrier, and the only seen parasite was giardia lamblia. The highest frequency of intestinal parasites was seen in supermarket staff (2.15%). The frequency of intestinal parasite infection had a significant difference among different job types. The sex and workplace was not significantly different between those with and without parasitic infection. Conclusion: Although parasite infections have been abundant in different regions of Iran in the past recent years, the prevalence has shown reduction after performing screening programs. Health officials should consider necessary plans to maintain and improve the implemented programs.
Prevalence
Intestinal Parasites
Food suppliers
Kerman
Iran
2013
02
01
315
322
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91173_0daaeb87faa8f7c1a405dd46c9dcea70.pdf