2024-03-29T08:19:48Z
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=12285
Health and Development Journal
2021
10
2
The Relationship Between Quality of Life and Quality of Work-Life of Nurses Working in Neuropsychiatric Hospitals Affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Zahra
Kavosi
Narjes Alsadat
Nasabi
Shima
Bordbar
Ali Reza
Yusefi
Background: The quality of life and quality of work-life are among the most remarkable determinants affecting the performance of employees and nurses particularly in health service organizations. These factors can interact with each other. This study aimed to determine the relation between the quality of life and the quality of work-life among nurses.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted using a cross-sectional design in two neuropsychiatric hospitals in Shiraz in 2019. The research population included nurses working in these hospitals. The participants were 123 nurses who were selected via random sampling. The data in this study were collected through Walton’s Quality of Work-Life Questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF). The collected data were analyzed using independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression analysis in SPSS23 software.
Results: The mean of quality of life was 89.22 ± 16.55 (out of 120) and the mean of the quality of work-life was 100.71 ± 24.05 (out of 170). There was a positive and significant correlation between the nurses’ quality of life and their quality of work-life (P<0.001). Physical health (P<0.001), living environment (P= 0.007), and social relationships (P=0.02) were identified as predictors of the quality of work-life. The results of the study also showed a significant relation between the quality of life and marital status (P=0.03).
Conclusion: There was a positive and significant correlation between the nurses’ quality of life and their quality of work-life, suggesting that strengthening or weakening one factor will be accompanied by improving or weakening the other. Accordingly, it is recommended that hospital officials take action to improve the quality of staff’s work-life and consequently their personal life.
Quality of Life
Quality of work-life
Nurses
2021
05
01
74
81
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91654_c26613014887ba03b81f6ae92d761ab8.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2021
10
2
Maternal Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Its Relation with Eating Problems and Sleep Disorders in 6 to 36-Month-Old Children
Mahin
Eslami Shahrbabaki
Fereshteh
Bahreini
Habibeh
Ahmadipour
Parisa
Divsalar
Background: Maternal obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) might lead to behavioral problems in children. Given the higher prevalence of eating and sleeping problems in children, the present study investigated the relation between maternal obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with children’s eating problems and sleep disorders.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 77 mothers with children aged 6 to 36 months in selected clinics in Kerman in fall 2018. The participants were selected using convenience sampling. The data were collected by the completion of three questionnaires: Morell’s Infant Sleep Questionnaire, the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), and the Child Eating Behavior Inventory (ORI-CEBI). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20) through independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation.
Results: The mean of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for mothers who reported sleep problems in their children was significantly higher than the OCD mean score for the mothers whose children did not have sleep disorders (P=0.01). Besides, the OCD mean score for the mothers of children with sleep problems diagnosed according to Richman’s criteria was higher than the OCD mean score for the mothers who did not report any sleep disorders in their children, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.09). The mean score of the child’s eating problems was correlated with the mother’s mean OCD score (r=0.2), but this correlation was not statistically significant (P=0.20). The child’s eating problems had a positive significant relation with the child’s sleep problems (P=0.04).
Conclusion: The mother’s perceptions, repetitive negative thoughts, and obsession about her child’s sleeping can probably increase the mother’s active palliative methods and consequently worsen the child’s sleep and eating problems. Therefore, preventive and therapeutic interventions need to be taken for mothers with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Sleep disorder
children
Mother
Eating problems
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
2021
05
01
82
90
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91655_78dc01a2d1aa52bb81260609359d528a.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2021
10
2
The Relation Between Burnout and Personality Traits in Dentists Working in Southern Kerman
Marzieh
Karimi-Afshar
Mohammad Ali
Dastres
Molook
Torabi
Mehrnaz
Karimi-Afshar
Background: Dentistry has been recognized as one of the most stressful occupations. Job stress and burnout are more common in dentists than in other people engaging in other occupations. This study aimed to investigate the relation between burnout and personality traits in dentists working in the southern cities of Kerman Province.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 42 dentists working in the southern cities of Kerman Province. The participants were selected through the census method. The data were collected via a demographic information questionnaire, the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment, and the 60-item NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) to assess neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 21) using independent samples t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression analysis at a significance level of 0.05.Results: The participants’ mean age, years of graduation, and years of working as a dentist were 41.05±9.45, 12.19±8.07, and 12.64±8.26 years, respectively. It was also shown that 90.5% of the dentists suffered from severe emotional exhaustion, 92.9% had severe depersonalization, and 28.6% had severe lack of personal accomplishment. Furthermore, the highest and lowest scores were related to conscientiousness and neuroticism as two personality traits. Burnout had a significant correlation with all subscales of personality traits except extraversion.Conclusion: The dentists working in the southern cities of Kerman Province reported high levels of burnout. Therefore, it is essential to prevent and treat burnout and its possible consequences among dentists.
burnout
personality traits
dentists
2021
05
01
91
98
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91702_debda84f2bdaeb7263a08487a3cbece7.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2021
10
2
Evaluating the Effect of Economies of Scale and Learning in Health Sector: Case of Developed and Developing Countries
Samaneh
Norani Azad
Erfaneh
Rasekh Jahromi
Background: The workforce is considered one of the most important factors of economic growth and development, and thus ensuring their health is very important. The learning process means saving labor costs and increasing productivity through experience. The experience of countries around the world has shown that with increasing scale, the average cost decreases due to economies of scale and learning, and this facilitates access to health services for people in the community at lower costs.
Methods: The methodology used in the present study was developed based on econometrics. To this end, a model was developed and estimated based on the theoretical literature and previous studies. Then, using inferential statistical techniques and the data from 187 countries extracted from the World Bank database, two concepts of economies of scale and learning were quantified.
Results: The results indicated that, firstly, economies of scale have been achieved in the health sectors of the counties in question, but have not yet been completely exhausted while the learning process has been realized at a rate of 0.46. Second, in developed countries, the production coefficient is close to one and insignificant, indicating that all economies of scale have been exhausted. Besides, the learning coefficient is above the global average. Third, in developing countries, a negative and significant production coefficient and the average scale indicates a lack of complete exhaustion of economies of scale. Moreover, in these countries, the realized economies of learning outweigh the economies of scale.
Conclusion: Learning and economies of scale rates in developed and developing countries are different from each other, indicating the efficiency of both components of the cost advantage in reducing costs.
Learning process
Economies of Scale
Health sector
Developed countries
Developing countries
2021
05
01
99
109
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91703_9c2467a316f9d06e014a51d9b54d3613.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2021
10
2
Challenges of Establishing the Health-Promoting Hospitals (HPH) Approach in Kerman
Vahid
Yazdi Feyzabadi
Soheila
Naghavi
Background: Health-promoting hospitals (HPH) do not only play the traditional role of diagnosis and treatment but also focus on preventive and health-promoting activities. The present study aimed to explore the challenges of establishing the health-promoting hospitals approach.
Methods: The present study was conducted using a qualitative design in 2018. The data in this study were collected using 16 semi-structured interviews conducted with health managers and experts in Kerman, Iran. The interviewees were selected through purposive snowball sampling. The interviews were first transcribed and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's 6-step thematic analysis framework. MAXQDA 10 software was used for data analysis.
Results: The challenges of establishing health-promoting hospital standards were divided into 4 themes including legal and structural challenges, financial resources, human resources, and cultural challenges. The most recurring subthemes were the lack of general plans and policies and the lack of financial resources.
Conclusion: Challenges of establishing the HPH approach can be summarized in various areas related to the organization and policies, staff, and society. Therefore, is necessary to change the traditional approach to treatment-oriented policies at all levels. Besides, it is essential to focus on the empowerment and participation of all people involved in health-promoting policies and activities such as managers and officials, employees, and members of the community.
Challenges
Hospital
health promotion
Health-promoting hospitals
2021
05
01
110
118
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91704_4671fe2cddaf7b6d68ca4b18874b5e63.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2021
10
2
Investigating the Patient-Physician Relationship in Specialized Outpatient Clinics of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Ahmad
Tahmasebi Ghorrabi
Omid
Tabeh
Mohammad Hossein
Haghighizadeh
Mohadeseh
Rezaei
Amin
Torabipour
Background: Good patient-physician relationship is a factor that can enhance the efficiency of medical services. This study aimed to investigate the patient-physician relationship in specialized outpatient clinics affiliated with Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 275 patients who visited specialized outpatient clinics of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The data in this study were collected using the Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ-9). Data were analyzed using SPSS22 software with the Pearson correlation coefficient and independent samples t-test.
Results: The patients’ satisfaction with their relationship with the physician was reported to be moderate (33.92±6.80 out of 45). The highest score (4.13±0.83 out of 5) was related to the item “I trust my doctor” and the lowest score (2.84±1.16 out of 5) was related to the item “I find my doctor easily accessible”. There was a significant and negative relation between the patients’ satisfaction with the relationship with the physician and wait time and a significant and positive relation with the duration of the visit. The mean visit and the mean wait time were 13.7±11.1 and 90±57.8 minutes, respectively. Besides, the patients’ satisfaction with communication with physicians had a significant relation with the type of clinic (P = 0.032).
Conclusion: To improve the patient-physician relationship, it is essential to take some management measures to reduce patients’ wait time, comply with standard visit time, improve environmental conditions, and empower physicians to enhance communication skills.
Physician communication skills
Communication with patient
Patient Satisfaction
2021
05
01
119
126
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91705_76b204a3c7eb0d7d6573d9e6766a1d1f.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2021
10
2
Assessing the Quality of Health Services Provided to Women Under the Health Care Plan: Khorasan Razavi Province
Tahere
Sharifi
Mahbubeh
Abdollahi
Rohollah
Kalhor
Adele
Shahrokhi
Fateme
Jalali
Amin
Mohammadi
Background: Women’s health is considered as one of the indicators of efficiency and success of the health system of countries, and promoting the health of this group requires the provision of quality services. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the quality of health services provided to women after the implementation of the health care plan in 2018.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 women visiting comprehensive health care centers affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were selected as the participants using multi-stage cluster sampling. The data in this study were collected using the SERVQUAL questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS 20.
Results: The mean scores of the clients’ expectations and perceptions were 4.97±0.87 and 3.41±0.42 and the mean score of the service quality gap was 1.55±0.44. The highest mean quality gap score was related to reliability (1.73±0.53) and the lowest mean quality gap score was related to the tangible and physical dimension (1.48±0.54) followed by the service assurance dimension (1.48±0.53).
Conclusion: This study showed that despite the implementation of the Health Transformation Plan, the quality of services in the studied centers was still lower than the service recipients’ expectations. Thus, given the importance of providing health services during the COVID-19 pandemic for its prevention, health care center managers need to be aware of clients’ expectations, identify problems leading to their dissatisfaction, and use quality management strategies to improve the quality of services and promote women’s health.
Service Quality
Health care providers
Women
SERVQUAL model
COVID-19
2021
05
01
127
134
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91706_45aa26965af53f6faa91c82c65770c12.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2021
10
2
Quality of Life and Related Demographic Characteristics of Elderly with Heart Failure Admitted to Hospitals of Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Somaaye
Omidzahir
Roya
Mansour-Ghanaei
Parand
Pourghane
Zahra
Atrkar-Roshan
Background: Given the debilitating nature of heart failure, all aspects of life including quality of life should be considered in the care of patients with this problem. This study aimed to assess the quality of life and related demographic characteristics in elderly patients with heart failure.
Methods: The participants in this cross-sectional study were 135 elderly people aged 60 years and older with heart failure admitted to teaching hospitals of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The patients were selected using convenience sampling. The data in this study were collected using a demographic information questionnaire and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation, and ANOVA at a significance level of less than 0.05 (P<0.05).
Results: The results showed that the mean of the total quality of life in the elderly was 61.5±15.62 from 126; and the mean scores for the physical, psychological, and socio-economic subscales of quality of life were 27.7±9.58, 12.2±2.80, and 21.5±5.65, respectively. Most of the elderly reported average quality of life and socioeconomic status, and high physical, and psychological health. It was also found that the patients’ quality of life had a significant relation with income (p<0.038), the number of admissions due to heart failure and non-heart diseases (p<0.001), and chronic diseases (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The majority of patients under study reported a moderate quality of life. Adopting preventive policies, identifying high-risk patients, and planning for therapeutic and nursing interventions will improve the quality of life for this group of patients.
elderly
Quality of Life
Heart failure
2021
05
01
135
143
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91707_2e0d29ac304ef14f3ee135524bbf0e13.pdf
Health and Development Journal
2021
10
2
Dentistry During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
Mina
Farhang
Mehrnaz
Karimi Afshar
the global spread of the new Coronavirus has caused concerns in the medical community. According to the Department of Occupational Safety and Health, dentists and their staff are in the list of jobs with high exposure risk. The provision of dental services has been affected by this pandemic and attention to oral health in the community has diminished due to the anxiety of acquiring the infection. In the following, the effects of this pandemic on dentistry, and strategies for providing better dental services in these conditions, have been suggested.COVID-19, is the disease caused by infection with Coronavirus. The main symptoms of this disease are headache, fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, shortness of breath, and intestinal inflammation. Patients may also show symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (1). Asymptomatic patients are a potential source of spreading the infection. Thus, it is necessary to fully analyze the ways in which the virus spreads. The virus mainly spreads through direct or indirect contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or mouth (2). Following the COVID-19 pandemic, dental clinics (public and private), were temporarily closed and elective dental treatments were suspended. Dental school clinics were also closed due to the suspension of classes and clinical education activities (3). As a result, paying attention to oral health declined.Poor oral health can increase the complications of systemic diseases such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease. Improving oral health can reduce oropharyngeal colonization and the risk of respiratory complications. Besides, by decreasing the risk of developing systemic diseases, it can reduce the severity of COVID-19 disease and its symptoms (1). Based on a study carried out by González et al. (2), the tongue is the main organ which acts as a reservoir of COVID-19 in the mouth, and brushing the tongue is important for reducing the viral load in a virus carrier. Therefore, the relation between oral health and the severity of COVID-19 symptoms seems logical. However, to prove this relation, more research is required (1).As the severity of the pandemic increases, the anxiety and fear of acquiring COVID-19 infection may cause people to underestimate the importance of serious oral disease symptoms and avoid receiving services necessary for the diagnosis of oral lesions. Nevertheless, despite the discontinuation of dental services, chronic diseases with significant clinical effects still occur. Therefore, COVID-19 can be an additional aggravating factor in delaying the diagnosis of serious diseases such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, and lead to more complications and worse prognosis (3).Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a disease with the highest clinical significance. Delays in the diagnosis of the disease are common and most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. As a result, the mortality rate ofthis disease is generally high. It is most likely that pemphigoid is poorly diagnosed or not diagnosed at all during the COVID-19 pandemic. To minimize this effect, it is necessary for the social and dental media to play a role in remote diagnosis of oral diseases as well as in raising public awareness during the course of the pandemic, especially about lesions suspicious for malignancy (3).Digital instruments can replace some of the common services such as counseling and monitoring patients. Instead of three times going to the dentist (for giving history, treatment, and symptom monitoring), using digital programs, patients can receive dental treatment with only one visit (4). However, it is better to limit elective treatments at this stage of the pandemic. The number of people suffering from diseases and the health system capacity are of high importance. People should be encouraged to use oral hygiene methods in the best way, so that the cases of dental emergency and worsening of oral health reduces as far as possible. In cases where the patients are suffering from pain, spontaneous bleeding, and dental trauma, doing dental treatment in dental clinics is inevitable. In these circumstances, providing biosafety protection isa fundamental principle. However, the usual biosafety protection methods are probably not enough and one must provide instructions based on the best available evidence. Patients receiving dental services need to be informed of the status quo, and written consent must be obtained from them (5).Actions which involve using rotatory tools such as hand pieces and scaling with ultrasound, produce aerosols. Therefore, a better understanding of transmission mechanisms, clinical features, and viral detection tests is essential. These help to provide dental treatment protocols and are useful in identifying cases and preventing further spread of the infection in patients and dental staff (4). The recommendations of the American Dental Association (ADA) and Centers for Disease Control on how to provide dental services include making phone calls with patients for screening COVID-19 before treatment, avoiding non-emergency treatment of patients who have COVID-19 symptoms, limiting the number of patients’ companions (if possible), minimizing the number of patients in the waiting room, and checking the body temperature of patients before their treatment (5). For all of the staff, using face masks and eye protectors (goggles / face shields), gowns, and disposable gloves as personal protective equipment (PPE) is recommended. All surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected after each patient and the floor of the treatment environment should be cleaned 2 to 3 times a day. This disinfection may be done by the chlorine-based hypochlorite solutions or alcohol (%60-70). Clinical waste needs to be disposed in accordance with the legislations. It is recommended that PPE and other contaminated disposable materials, be put in containers with rigid lids for disposal. A proposed method for disinfecting is washing with H2O2, of which there is no clear evidence available. The potential of H2O2 in reducing viral load is an example of using the precautionary principle and needs more evaluation (5).Studies in this area are ongoing. It is hoped that dentistry will adapt to the current situation as soon as possible and appropriate dental services will be provided in the community during the pandemic.
2021
05
01
144
146
https://jhad.kmu.ac.ir/article_91708_cb8f5d9f9732a3d6e1d532c0651a31d1.pdf