The Effect of Educational Intervention based on the Health Belief Model on Diabetes Screening Behavior in over 30 Years Old men in Shahr-e-Babak

Authors

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is one of the major health problems in the world and half of the affected patients are unaware of it. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the Health Belief Model on the behavior of male subjects attending diabetes screening.
 
Methods: This interventional study was performed on 180 men over 30 years of age. The intervention group (90 ones) underwent educational intervention conducted over four 60-minute sessions. Data were collected using a questionnaire (including 51 questions) filled out through direct interview before the intervention and two months after that. Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used for data analysis.
 
Results: After the intervention, knowledge scores increased in both intervention and control groups. This was due to the implementation of routine training at the centers. But, significant increase in the attitudes and practice was observed only in the intervention group. Also, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action, after the intervention, showed significant increase in the intervention group compared with the control group (P <0.001).
 
Conclusion: Health Belief Model was effective in education of people over 30 years old for participating in diabetes screening programs. Therefore, it is recommended to use this model alongside traditional methods.

Keywords


1. Mohammadi SM, Rashidi M, Afkhami Ardekani M. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 2011;19(2):266-80. Persian 2. Lankarani M, Zahedi F. Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism 2002;1(2):78-106. Persian 3. Hadaegh F, Bozorgmanesh M, Harati H, Saadat N, Azizi F. High prevalence of diabetes and abnormal glucose tolerance in urban Iranians aged over 20 years: determining an effective screening strategy for un-diagnosed diabetes. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2008; 9 (4):383-91. Persian 4. Alavinia S, Ghotbi M, Mahdavi A, Kermanchi G, Nasli Esfahani A Yarmohammadi S. Type 2 diabetes prevention and control program implemented in urban areas. Tehran: Sepidbarg; 2012. Available from: http://fhc.sums.ac.ir/files/gh-vagir/ayin%20name/diabetes_guideline_91_final_-_Copy.pdf 5. Hatami B, Hosssini S, Delshad H, Salehi Sormaghi M, Saeed SS, et al. Controlling Diabetes, another service for a healthy and active life. Rabet Salamat 2011;14(39). 37-8. Persian 6. Sadeghie Ahari S, Arshi S, Iranparvar M, Amani F, Siahpoosh H. The effect of complications of type II diabetes on patients’ quality of life. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci 2008; 8(4):394-402. Persian 7. Hassanzadeh P, Dehkordi M, Khamseh M. The study of the relationship of social support and coping strategies in patients with diabetes type 2. Health Psychology 2012;1(2):2-21. Persian 8. Esteghamati A, The Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Deputy of Health, Center for Disease Control. Comprehensive Guide for diagnosing and treating diabetes/ Taken from the special issue of the American Diabetes Association. Tehran: Seda Publications; 2004. 9. Ghanei L, Harati H, Hadaegh F, Azizi F. The effect of life style modification on the occurrence of diabetes type 2 in a 3.5-year study: Tehran lipid and glucose study. Pejouhesh dar Pezeshki (Research in Medicine) 2009;33(1):21-9. Persian 10. Zarrin Hamadani M. Implementing the Diabetes Prevention and Control Program. The Non-Commonicable Disease Newsletter 2012;1(4):7. Available from: http://www.gums.ac.ir/Upload/Modules/News/ImageGallery4300/khabarname%204.pdf 11. Safarinejad M. Differences between men and women at the doctor [cited 2014 May 12]. Available from: https://article.tebyan.net/42114/%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9 12. Addis ME, Mahalik JR. Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking. Am Psychol 2003;58(1):5-14. 13. Norcross WA, Ramirez C, Palinkas LA. The influence of women on the health care-seeking behavior of men. J Fam Pract 1996;43(5):475-80. 14. Integrated Health System. [cited 2016 Apr 4] http://sib.kmu.ac.ir/admin/dashboard 15. Shojaeizadeh D. Models for studying the behavior in health education. Tehran: University of Tehran Press; 2001. 16. Bakhteriaghdam B, Nourizade R, Sahebi L. The role of health belief model in promotion of beliefs and behaviors of breast cancer screening in women referring to healthcare centers of Tabriz in 2010. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 2012;33(6):25-31. Persian 17. Iranian Students' News Agency. 37% of the society is prone to diabetes/ 3 million tomans per year is the average cost of controlling diabetes without complications in Iran. [cited 2015 Mar 19] Available from: http://kerman.isna.ir/Default.aspx?NSID=5&SSLID=46&NID=36400 18. Iriyama S, Nakahara S, Jimba M, Ichikawa M, Wakai S. AIDS health beliefs and intention for sexual abstinence among male adolescent students in Kathmandu, Nepal: a test of perceived severity and susceptibility. Public Health 2007;121(1):64-72. 19. Bayat F, Shojaeezadeh D, Baikpour M, Heshmat R, Baikpour M, Hosseini M. The effects of education based on extended health belief model in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2013; 12(1):45. 20. Mazloomi Mahmoodabad SS, Hagizadeh A, Aalaee MM, Mirzaee M, Afkhami MR, Fatahi M. The situation of type 2 diabets prevention behaviours among high risk people: application of the Health Belief Model. Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders 2012;11(6):544-50. 21. Canbulat N, Uzun O. Health beliefs and breast cancer screening behaviors among female health workers in Turkey. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2008;12(2):148-56. 22. Swaim RA, Barner JC, Brown CM. The relationship of calcium intake and exercise to osteoporosis health beliefs in postmenopausal women. Res Social Adm Pharm 2008;4(2):153-63. 23. Katikiro E, Njau B. Motivating factors and psychosocial barriers to condom use among out-of-school youths in Dar es salaam, Tanzania: a cross sectional survey using the health belief model. International Scholarly Research Network 2012;8:1-8.