Mental Health Status and its Related Factors in Elderly People Residing in Nursing Homes of Mashhad, Iran

Authors

Abstract

Background: Iranian society is facing the phenomenon of aging and attention to this vulnerable group is necessary. The aim of this study was to assess mental health status and its related factors among elderly people living in nursing homes in Mashhad.
 
Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted in 2015 on 203 over 60 years old elderly people living in Mashhad nursing homes. Data were collected through a demographic information questionnaire and general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data analysis was performed through SPSS19 and using Chi-square, Independent t- test, Mann-Whitney and Logistic Regression.
 
Results: The mean of the GHQ-28 score was 27.24±9.94. Based on the GHQ-28 cut off-point, 130 (%64) of the participants had mental health problems. Mental health had a significant relationship with having chronic diseases (P=0.005), the number of their visitings (P=0.03) and somehow with the number of returnings to home (P=0.05). But, there was no significant relation between mental health score and age, gender, marital status, education, number of children, having an independent income or salary and length of stay in nursing homes (P < span dir="RTL"><0.05).
 
Conclusion: The elderly people living in nursing homes of Mashhad do not have a good mental health status. Since having chronic diseases, the number of their visitings and returnings to home are the most important determinants of their mental health, their families and health policy makers should pay more attention to these items.

Keywords


1. Nazemi L, Skoog I, Karlsson I, Hosseini S, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh MJ, et al. Depression, prevalence and some risk factors in elderly nursing homes in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2013;42(6):559-69. 2. World Health Organization (WHO). Ageing and life-course; 2016. [cited 2016 Apr 28 ] Available from: http://www.who.int/ageing/about/facts/en/. 3. Danial Z, Motamedi MH, Mirhashemi S, Kazemi A, Mirhashemi AH. Lancet. 2014;384(9958):1927. 4. Saraçlı Ö, Akca AS, Atasoy N, Önder Ö, Şenormancı Ö, Kaygisız İ, Atik L. The relationship between quality of life and cognitive functions, anxiety and depression among hospitalized elderly patients. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2015;13(2):194-200. 5. Prince M, Patel V, Saxena S, Maj M, Maselko J, Phillips MR, et al. No health without mental health. Lancet. 2007;370(9590):859-77. 6. World Health Organization (WHO). Mental health and older adults; 2016. [cited 2016 May 1] Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs381/en/. 7. Jongenelis K, Pot AM, Eisses AM, Beekman AT, Kluiter H, Ribbe MW. Prevalence and risk indicators of depression in elderly nursing home patients: the AGED study. J Affect Disord. 2004;83(2-3):135-42. 8. Lampert MA, Rosso ALP. Depression in elderly women resident in a long-stay nursing home. Dement Neuropsychol. 2015;9(1): 76-80. 9. Grabowski DC, Aschbrenner KA, Rome VF, Bartels SJ. Review: quality of mental health care for nursing home residents: a literature review. Med Care Res Rev. 2010; 67(6): 627–56. 10. Etemadi A, Ahmadi K. Psychological Disorders of Elderly Home Residents. Journal of Applied Sciences. 2009; 9: 549-54. Persian 11. Vila-Corcoles A, Aguirre-Chavarria C, Ochoa-Gondar O, de Diego C, Rodriguez-Blanco T, Gomez F, et al. Influence of chronic illnesses and underlying risk conditions on the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia in older adults. Infection. 2015;43(6):699-706. 12. Marengoni A, Winblad B, Karp A, Fratiglioni L. Prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity among the elderly population in Sweden. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(7):1198-200. 13. Wu F, Guo Y, Kowal P, Jiang Y, Yu M, Li X, et al. Prevalence of major chronic conditions among older Chinese adults: the Study on Global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) wave 1. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74176. 14. Bhattacharya J, Choudhry K, Lakdawalla D. Chronic disease and severe disability among working-age populations. Med Care. 2008;46(1):92-100. 15. Jagger C, Matthews RJ, Matthews FE, Spiers NA, Nickson J, Paykel ES, et al. Cohort differences in disease and disability in the young-old: findings from the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC-CFAS). BMC Public Health. 2007;7:156. 16. Hajivandi A, Amiri M. World kidney day 2014: Kidney disease and elderly. Journal of Parathyroid Disease. 2014;2(1):3-4. 17. Vrdoljak D, Pavlov R. Diabetes in elderly. Collegium Antropologicum. 2014;38(2):243-6. 18. Myer L. The Relationship between Depression and Arthritis; 2014 [cited 2015 May 4]. Available from: http://brainblogger.com/2014/08/08/the-relationship-between-depression-and-arthritis/. 19. Sinclair JM, Patel MX. No health without mental health: core competencies for all doctors. Medicine. 2012;40(11):567. 20. Tehrani H, Rakhshani T, Shojaee Zadeh D, Hosseini SM, Bagheriyan S. Analyzing the relationship between job stress to mental health, personality type and stressful life events of the nurses occupied in Tehran 115 emergency. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013; 15(3): 272–3. 21. Tiwari SC, Tripathi RK, Kumar A, Kar AM, Singh R, Kohli VK, et al. Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among urban elderlies: Lucknow elderly study. Indian J Psychiatry. 2014;56(2):154-60. 22. Strasser S, Gibbons S. The development of HIV-related mental health and psychosocial services for children and adolescents in Zambia: The case for learning by doing. Children and Youth Services Review. 2014;45:150-7. 23. Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med. 1979;9(1):139-45. 24. Noorbala AA, Bagheri yazdi SA, Mohammad K. The Validation of General Health Questionnaire- 28 as a Psychiatric Screening Tool. Hakim Health Sys Res. 2009; 11(4):47-53. 25. Sharifi N, Jalili L, Najar S, Yazdizadeh H, Haghighizadeh MH. Survey of general health and related factors in menopausal women in Ahvaz city, 2012. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2015;21(128):59-65. Persian 26. Najafi B, Arzaghi M, Fakhrzadeh H, Sharifi F, Shoaei S, Alizadeh M, et al. Mental health status and related factors in aged population: Urban health equity assessment and response tool (Urban- HEART) study in Tehran. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism. 2013; 13(1):62-73. Persian 27. Mokhtari F, Ghasemi N. Comparison of Elderlys Quality of life and mental health living in nursing homes and members of retired club of Shiraz city. Salmand. 2011;5(18):53-63. Persian 28. Momeni K, Karimi H. The comparison of general health of the residents/non residents in the elder house. Salmand. 2010;5(3):25-7. Persian 29. Drageset J, Dysvik E, Espehaug B, Natvig GK, Furnes B. Suffering and mental health among older people living in nursing homes. a mixed-methods study. Peer J. 2015;3:e1120. 30. Ghanbari Hashem Abadi BA, Mojarrad Kahani AM, Ghanbari Hashem Abadi MR. The relationship between older people's mental health with their family support and psychosocial well being. J Res Rehabil Sci. 2013; 8(6): 1123-31. 31. Manzouri L, Babak A, Merasi M. The depression status of the elderly and its related factors in Isfahan in 2007. Salmand. 2010;4(14):27-33. Persian 32. Barati M, Fathi Y, Soltanian AR, Moeini B. Mental Health Condition and Health Promoting Behaviors among Elders in Hamadan. Scientific Journal of Hamadan Nursing & Midwifery Faculty. 2012;20(3):12-22. Persian 33. Lahelma E, Laaksonen M, Martikainen P, Rahkonen O, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva S. Multiple measures of socioeconomic circumstances and common mental disorders. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(5):1383-99. 34. Nabavi SH, Alipour F, Hejazi A, Rabani E, Rashidi V. Relationship between social support and mental health in older adults. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 2014;57(7):841-6. Persian 35. Tiong WW, Yap P, Huat Koh GC, Phoon Fong N, Luo N. Prevalence and risk factors of depression in the elderly nursing home residents in Singapore. Aging Ment Health 2013;17(6):724-31. 36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mental Health and Chronic Diseases. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion-Division of Population Health; 2012 [cited 2015 May 4]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/tools-resources/pdfs/issue-brief-no-2-mental-health-and-chronic-disease.pdf