The Relation between Spiritual Well-being and Some Psychological Variables among Martyr and Veteran Children Students in the Universities of Karaj

Authors

Abstract

Background: The results of the studies about spiritual well-being and psychological disorders among the student population are not enough and harmonious. This study examined the relation between spiritual well-being and some psychological disorders (stress, anxiety and depression) among martyr and veteran children students in Karaj Universities (Iran).
 
Methods: This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was conducted on 160 martyr and veteran children students in the universities of Karaj in 2017, using the multistage sampling method. The data gathering tool was a multi-sectional questionnaire containing demographic data, the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS), as well as the spiritual well-being scale (SWBS). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Linear Regression.
 
Results: The mean age of students was 25.1±5.5 years, and 53.5% of them were the child of veterans. The mean of total SWBS and DASS scores were 91.21±16.1 and 16.81±9.1, respectively. Regarding spiritual well-being, students were in the medium range, and the majority of them were normal regarding psychological distress. No significant difference was found in spiritual well-being and depression, anxiety and stress between the two groups of martyr and veteran children students. There was a significant negative correlation between spiritual well-being and depression, anxiety and stress in these students.
 
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is suggested that interventional and cultural programs be designed and implemented to increase the students' spiritual well-being based on appropriate theories.

Keywords


1. Ziapour A, Khatony A, Jafari F, Kianipour N. Prediction of the dimensions of the spiritual well-being of students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran: The Roles of Demographic Variables. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11(7): VC05–VC09. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/25114.10314 2. Michaelson V, Brooks F, Jirásek I, Inchley J, Whitehead R, King N, et al. Developmental patterns of adolescent spiritual health in six countries. SSM - Population Health 2016;2:294-303. 3. Weaver MS, Wratchford D. Spirituality in adolescent patients. Ann Palliat Med 2017;6(3):270-8. doi: 10.21037/apm.2017.05.09. 4. Dhama K, Gupta R, Singla A, Patthi B, Ali I, Niraj LK, et al. An insight into spiritual health and coping tactics among dental students; a gain or blight: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017;11(8):ZC33-ZC8. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/25358.10371. 5. Jafari E, Dehshiri GR, Eskandari H, Najafi M, Heshmati R, Hoseinifar J. Spiritual well-being and mental health in university students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2010;5:1477-81. doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.311 6. Sen S, Pal D, Hazra S, Pandey GK. Spiritual health of students in government Medical Colleges of Kolkata and their coping skills in a crisis situation. Indian J Public Health 2015; 59(3):196-203. doi: 10.4103/0019-557X.164657. 7. Hsiao YC, Chien LY, Wu LY, Chiang CM, Huang SY. Spiritual health, clinical practice stress, depressive tendency and health-promoting behaviours among nursing students. J Adv Nurs 2010;66(7):1612-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05328.x. 8. Hsiao YC, Wu HF, Chien LY, Chiang CM, Hung YH, Peng PH. The differences in spiritual health between non-depressed and depressed nurses. J Clin Nurs 2012;21(11-12):1736-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03962.x. 9. Tabibi M, Ahmari Tehran H, Soltani Arabshahi SK, Heidari S, Abdi Z, Safaeipour R. The Association between spiritual health and academic achievement in medical students of Qom University of Medical Sciences, 2011. Qom Univ Med Sci J 2013;7(2):72-8. Persian 10. Rezaei-Adaryani M, Azadi A, Ahmadi F, Vahedian A. Comparison of depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life in dormitories students of Tarbiat Modares University. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research 2007;2(5):31-8. Persian 11. Asghari F, Saadat S, Atefi Karajvandani S, Janalizadeh Kokaneh S. The relationship between academic self-efficacy and psychological well-being, family cohesion, and spiritual health among students of Kharazmi University. Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2014;14(7):581-93. Persian 12. Zargar F, Foruzandeh E, Omidi A, Mohammadi A. Psychological health and marital adjustment in Iranian employed veterans and veterans receiving disability pension. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014; 16(7): e10219. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.10219 13. Azadi S, Azad H. The correlation of social support, tolerance and mental health in children of martyrs and war-disabled in Universities of Ilam. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health 2011;3(4):48-58. Persian 14. Dastgheib Z, Gharlipour Z, Ghobadi K, Hoseini F, Vafaee R. Association of between mental health and spiritual health among students in Shiraz University. Advances in Nursing & Midwifery 2015;24(84):53-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.22037/anm.v24i84.7322 15. Mozafarinia F, Amin-Shokravi F, Hydarnia A. Relationship between spiritual health and happiness among students. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion 2014;2(2):97-108. Persian 16. Koenig HG. Research on religion, spirituality, and mental health: a review. Can J Psychiatry 2009;54(5):283-91. doi: 10.1177/070674370905400502 17. Bozorg Nezhad H, Hassanzadeh Isfahani Z. A survey on the effect of religious values rates on aggressiveness of shahed high schools’students of martyrs, war injured soldiers and normal students in Tehran city in 2009-2010. Amirkabir 2010;3(6):169-83. Persian 18. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther 1995;33(3):335-43. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U · 19. Sobhi-Gharamaleki N, Porzoor P, Aghajani S, Narimani M. Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training on Reduction of Anxiety, Stress and Depression Symptoms among University Students. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot 2015;3(1):5-13. Persian 20. Mostafazadeh F, Asadzadeh F. Spiritual health of midwifery students. Journal of Health and Care 2012;14(1):55-60. Persian 21. Talib MA, Abdollahi A. Spirituality Moderates Hopelessness, Depression, and Suicidal Behavior among Malaysian Adolescents. J Relig Health 2017;56(3):784-95. doi: 10.1007/s10943-015-0133-3. 22. Lee Y. The relationship of spiritual well-being and involvement with depression and perceived stress in Korean nursing students. Glob J Health Sci 2014;6(4):169-76. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n4p169. 23. Mahbobi M, Etemadi M, Khorasani E, Ghiasi M. The Relationship between Spiritual Health and Social Anxiety in Chemical Veterans. Journal of Military Medicine 2012;14(3):186-91. Persian 24. Rasic D, Robinson JA, Bolton J, Bienvenu OJ, Sareen J. Longitudinal relationships of religious worship attendance and spirituality with major depression, anxiety disorders, and suicidal ideation and attempts: findings from the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area study. J Psychiatr Res 2011;45(6):848-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.11.014. 25. Cotton S, Kudel I, Roberts YH, Pallerla H, Tsevat J, Succop P, et al. Spiritual well-being and mental health outcomes in adolescents with or without inflammatory bowel disease. J Adolesc Health 2009; 44(5): 485–92. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.09.013 26. Ghahari S, Mehryar AH, Birashk B. Comparitive study of some mental disorders in children of fatherless, martyred’s, veteran’s, and normal (7-12 years old) in chalus city. J Adolesc Health 2009;44(5):485-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.09.013. 27. Ahmadi K, Fathi Ashtiania A. comparson of the Psychological Problems in children of martyrs and the late (dead) Personnel of Sepah. Journal of Military Medicine 2004;5(4):277-83. Persian 28. Hakim Javadi M, Gholamali Lavasani M, Haghighatgo M, Zebardast O. The relationship among depression, anxiety, stress and personality in veteran children. Tebe-e-Janbaz 2010;3(9):9-16. Persian 29. Rezazadeh A, Solhi M, Azam K. Determinants of responsibility for health, spiritual health and interpersonal relationship based on theory of planned behavior in high school girl students. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2015; 29: 204.